Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the earth's internal composition, atmospheres, oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

Other names for Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers: Core Analysis Operator, Core Analyst, Crystallographer, Development Geologist, Engineering Geologist, Environmental Consultant, Environmental Field Office Manager, Environmental Geologist, Environmental Protection Geologist, Environmental Specialist, Exploration Geologist, Geochemist, Geodesist, Geologic Advisor, Geological Scout, Geological Specialist, Geologist, Geomorphologist, Geophysical Laboratory Director, Geophysical Laboratory Supervisor, Geophysical Prospector, Geophysical Surveyor, Geophysicist, Geoscientist, Geotechnical Engineer, Grade Control Geologist, Hydrogeologist, Invertebrate Paleontologist, Marine Geologist, Micro Paleontologist, Mine Geologist, Mineralogist, Mining Production Geologist, Oceanographer, Oceanologist, Oil and Gas Industry Geophysical Consultant, Paleontologist, Petrographer, Petroleum Geologist, Petrologist, Project Geologist, Project Geophysicist, Prospector, Research Geologist, Sedimentationist, Soils Engineer, Stratigrapher, Volcanologist,

• Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, and geophysical information from sources such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, and aerial photos.
• Plan and conduct geological, geochemical, and geophysical field studies and surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.
• Investigate the composition, structure, and history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, and classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.
• Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, and reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, and resource management, using results of field work and laboratory research.
• Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, and mineral ore deposits and underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research and survey results.
• Assess ground and surface water movement to provide advice regarding issues such as waste management, route and site selection, and the restoration of contaminated sites.
• Identify risks for natural disasters such as mud slides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, providing advice on mitigation of potential damage.
• Conduct geological and geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, and development of public works projects.
• Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, applying geological knowledge and using test equipment and drilling machinery.
• Advise construction firms and government agencies on dam and road construction, foundation design, or land use and resource management.
• Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.
• Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity and magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, and magnetometers.
• Test industrial diamonds and abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, and precision instruments.
• Identify deposits of construction materials, and assess the materials' characteristics and suitability for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or in other applications.
• Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.

• Underwater cameras
• Penetrometers
• Drafting kits or sets
• Magnetometer geophysical instruments
• Videoscopes
• Open stream current meters
• Open stream water level recorders
• Water samplers
• Winches
• Diffractometers
• Spectrofluorimeters or fluorimeters
• Soil testing kits
• Height gauges
• Laboratory mixers
• All terrain vehicles tracked or wheeled
• Electromagnetic geophysical instruments
• Height gauges
• Map measurers
• Inductively coupled plasma ICP spectrometers
• Spectrophotometers
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Axes
• Dredgers
• Well logging downhole test equipment
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Nitrogen gas analyzers
• Organic carbon analyzers
• Transmission electron microscopes
• Benchtop centrifuges
• Hammers
• Chromatographic scanners
• Clinometers
• Colorimeters
• Geological compasses
• Medical computed tomography CT or CAT scanners or tubes
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Hammers
• Electromagnetic geophysical instruments
• Desktop computers
• Heating or drying equipment or accessories
• Titration equipment
• Digital cameras
• Map measurers
• Seismic recorders or seismographs
• Scanners
• Graphics tablets
• Dissolved oxygen meters
• Drying cabinets or ovens
• Resistivity geophysical instruments
• Sonars
• Conductivity cells
• Conductivity meters
• Electron microscopes
• Electron microscopes
• Electronic toploading balances
• Bench scales
• Transmission electron microscopes
• Fume hoods or cupboards
• Solid phase extraction preparations
• Scintillation crystal assemblies
• Atomic absorption AA spectrometers
• Picks
• Geological compasses
• Seismic geophones
• Global positioning system receivers
• Gravimeters
• Radarbased surveillance systems
• Levels
• Magnifiers
• Laboratory mechanical convection ovens
• Hydraulic rock drills
• Binocular light compound microscopes
• Electromagnetic geophysical instruments
• Ion chromatographs
• Laboratory separators
• Jaw crushers
• Laboratory crushers or pulverizers
• Plotter printers
• Laser printers
• Rangefinders
• Theodolites
• Radarbased surveillance systems
• Paramagnetic susceptibility analyzers
• Paramagnetic susceptibility analyzers
• Paramagnetic susceptibility analyzers
• Mainframe computers
• Compasses
• Drafting kits or sets
• Mass spectrometers
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Water analyzers
• Gravimeters
• Microscope slides
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Personal digital assistant PDAs or organizers
• Pestle or mortars
• Sonars
• Notebook computers
• Laboratory box furnaces
• Binocular light compound microscopes
• Penetrometers
• Personal computers
• Polarizing microscopes
• pH meters
• Map measurers
• Commercial fishing nets
• Compressed air gun
• Paramagnetic susceptibility analyzers
• Geological compasses
• Polarizing microscopes
• Chemical absorption gas analyzers
• Pneumatic rock drills
• Protractors
• Pry bars
• Radiation detectors
• Rangefinders
• Reverse osmosis equipment
• Cold chisels
• Magnetometer geophysical instruments
• Picks
• Rock cutters
• Cyclone or vortex grinders
• Laboratory mixers
• Vacuum or rotary evaporators
• Sand testing apparatus
• Scanners
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Water samplers
• Seismic recorders or seismographs
• Portable seismic apparatus
• Seismic recorders or seismographs
• Radarbased surveillance systems
• Sonars
• Laboratory sifting equipment
• Test sieves
• Hammers
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Soil testing kits
• Stereo or dissecting light microscopes
• Video attachments for microscopes
• Optical diffraction apparatus
• Geological compasses
• Thermographs
• Electromagnetic geophysical instruments
• Thermistors
• Theodolites
• Sonars
• Forestry increment borers
• Triple beam balances
• Soil core sampling apparatus
• Water samplers
• Ultrasonic cleaning equipment
• Ultraviolet UV lamps

Office suite software

Graphics or photo imaging software

Word processing software

Presentation software

Spreadsheet software

Document management software

Data base management system software

Data base user interface and query software

Computer aided design CAD software

Analytical or scientific software

Internet browser software

Data conversion software

Electronic mail software

Map creation software